Team have emerged as a powerful management tool, because it involve and empower employees. Teams can cut across organizations in unusual ways. Hence, workers are more satisfied and high productivity and product quality typically result. Work team effectiveness is based on two sources- productive output and personal satisfaction. Satisfaction relates to the terms ability to met the personal needs of its members and hence maintain their membership and commitment, Productive output relates to the quality and quantity of task output as defined by term goals.

This include structure, strategy, environment, culture and reward system. Manager must decide when to create permanent terms with in the formal structure and when to use a temporary team. Leader must understand and manage stage of development, norms, and conflict in order to establish an effective team.

Vertical team composed of a manager and his or her employees in the organization formal chain of command. Horizontal team, composed employees from about the same level but different areas of expertise. When there Is problem in organization, manager should build a problem solving teams, which consist 5-12 people in same department who team together and discuss the ways to improve quality, efficiency and work environment. For example BHP, adapt this and knows that the quality takes a team effort. Self-directed teams consisted multi-skilled workers who product the entire produces, Federal Express have boosted productivity up to 40% by doing that. Virtual teams

For a team to be successful over long run, it must structure so as both to maintain its members social well-being and to accomplish its task. People who play the task specific role spend time and energy helping the team reach its goal. They offer propose new solutions to team problem, offer opinions on task solution, ask for task relevant facts, stimulate the team into action when interest drop. People who adopt a socio-emotional role support team members emotional needs and help strengthen the social entity. They are ware and receptive to others ideas, reconcile group conflict, tell jokes to reduce tension, go along with team, agree to other team members idea and shift own opinions to maintain team harmony.

Manger should focus on team interaction, the greater the amount of contract among team members and the more time spend together, the more cohesive the team. They are encouraged to share goals, if team member agree on goals, they will be more cohesive. Team has personal attraction attached to it, meaning that members have similar attitude and values and enjoy being together. When there is presence of competition, when team is in moderate competition with other teams, its cohesiveness increases as it strives to win. Team success and favorable evaluation of the term by outsiders add to cohesiveness which increase the commitment to their team.

It is informal, they are not written down. But they are valuable because they define boundaries of acceptable behavior. It identifies clear value, clarify expectation, and facilitate team survival. However, there may be some conflict between individual to block the goal of the teams. There is concept called superordinate goal, which large mission that cannot be attained by a single party. To the extent that people can be focused on team or organization goals, the conflict will decrease because they see the big picture and realize they must work together to achieve it. Mediation, in which using high- level manager to settle a dispute, they can discuss the conflict with each party and work toward a solution. Manager should facilitate communication to ensure that conflicting parties hold accurate perceptions. Manager should keep team discussion focused on issues, not personalities, by having multiple alternatives to consider concentrates team members energy on solving problem. Manager should balance the power, they should accept the teams decision as fair, even if they do not agree with it and never force a consensus.

Social facilitation, refers to the tendency for the presence of other to enhance an individual motivation and performance. Team work increase employees felling of dignity and self-worth because the whole person is employed. Team work empowers employees to bring greater knowledge and ability to the task. It increase organizational flexibility, team can exchange jobs and share resource easily and increase the responsive to rapidly changing customer needs. However, there is some costs of teams, when organization form shop workers into teams, the major losers are low- and middle- level manager. These manager are reluctant to give up power. When team are successful, fewer supervisor are needed. Free rider may occur, when team member who attains benefit from team membership but does not do a proportionate share of the work. The time and energy to coordinate the activities of a group to enable it to perform its task is called coordination cost. Some manager feels that they could do the same project by themselves in less time.

Author: Tom Feinberg

About the author:
Tom Feinberg has spent more than 15 years working as a professor at the University of Maine. Now he spends most of his time with his family and shares his experience about dissertation writing. Tom Feinberg is a right person to ask about dissertation abstract.

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